Population PK Analysis
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Model: Two-compartment popPK (biexponential distribution + elimination)
Applied Population: Critically ill adults (excluding AKI ≥2, KRT, ECMO). V1 scaled by total body weight. CL uses CrCL Used (clinical override). Original study used CKD-EPI Cr-CysC eGFR — consider using de-indexed CKD-EPI value for CrCL Used when cystatin C is available.
Protein Binding: 20%
Vd: V1 = 15.56 × (WT/70) L; V2 = 10.63 L (fixed); Q = 7.09 L/hr
BSV: ω CL = 23.9% CV; ω V1 = 43.2% CV (log-normal IIV)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Barreto EF et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023
Applied Population: Critically ill adults (excluding AKI ≥2, KRT, ECMO). V1 scaled by total body weight. CL uses CrCL Used (clinical override). Original study used CKD-EPI Cr-CysC eGFR — consider using de-indexed CKD-EPI value for CrCL Used when cystatin C is available.
Protein Binding: 20%
Vd: V1 = 15.56 × (WT/70) L; V2 = 10.63 L (fixed); Q = 7.09 L/hr
BSV: ω CL = 23.9% CV; ω V1 = 43.2% CV (log-normal IIV)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Barreto EF et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing
--
mg IV q8h
Drug CL
--
L/hr
CrCL Used
--
mL/min
V1
--
L
V2
--
L
Q
--
L/hr
Vss
--
L
k₁₀
--
hr⁻¹
α
--
hr⁻¹
β
--
hr⁻¹
t½(α)
--
hr
t½(β)
--
hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
What-If Exposure Analysis
Baseline fT>4×MIC:
--
What-If fT>4×MIC:
--
What-If Exposure Analysis
Population PK Baseline
CL
--
L/hr
Vss
--
L
PK Parameters
Dosing Parameters
β
--
hr&supmin;¹
t½(β)
--
hr
CpSS Max
--
mcg/mL
CpSS Min
--
mcg/mL
fCpSS Max
--
mcg/mL
fCpSS Min
--
mcg/mL
Monte Carlo PTA
Simulates a virtual population of patients like the current one (sampling cefepime's published between-subject variability in clearance and central volume, Barreto 2023) at the current dose, and reports the fraction that attains the efficacy target.
How does this work? →
MIC (from Patient Data)
-- mcg/mL
Efficacy target
100% fT>4×MIC
Toxicity threshold
free trough ≥ 8×MIC
Simulations
--
Probability of Target Attainment
100% fT>4×MIC
100% fT>4×MIC
--
Probability of Over-Exposure
free trough ≥ 8×MIC
free trough ≥ 8×MIC
Free Trough Distribution Across Simulated Population
Bayesian Parameter Export
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Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=48 critically ill ICU adults receiving empirical beta-lactam therapy; 85% mechanically ventilated, 25% on vasopressors. Augmented renal clearance (CrCL ≥130 mL/min) common.
Protein Binding: 16%
Vd: 0.43 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Udy et al. Chest 2012
Protein Binding: 16%
Vd: 0.43 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Udy et al. Chest 2012
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q6h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=32 surgical ICU patients from German hospitals; aged 21–85 yrs, weight 55–125 kg, APACHE II 5–29, CrCL 22.7–297 mL/min. Continuous infusion meropenem.
Protein Binding: 2%
Vd: 0.23 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Kees et al. J Clin Pharmacol 2016
Protein Binding: 2%
Vd: 0.23 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Kees et al. J Clin Pharmacol 2016
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q8h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Population PK model from 72 ICU patients with P. aeruginosa nosocomial pneumonia (polytrauma n=27, post-surgery n=19, medical n=26); 83% mechanically ventilated, mean GFR 121±55 mL/min. Monte Carlo simulation study.
Protein Binding: 10%
Vd: Two-compartment model
V1: 18.9 L (9.02 L if on mech vent)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Georges et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012
Protein Binding: 10%
Vd: Two-compartment model
V1: 18.9 L (9.02 L if on mech vent)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Georges et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q8h
Drug CL--L/hr
V1--L
V2--L
Vss--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=56 patients stratified by renal function: normal CrCL >60 mL/min (n=7), moderate impairment CrCL 10–60 (n=13), severe impairment CrCL <10 (n=36). Single IV dose 18.4±4.7 mg/kg with serial sampling over 168 hrs.
Protein Binding: 50%
Vd: 0.57 L/kg (CrCL≥60) or 0.83 L/kg
Target AUC/MIC: 400-550
Matzke et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984
Protein Binding: 50%
Vd: 0.57 L/kg (CrCL≥60) or 0.83 L/kg
Target AUC/MIC: 400-550
Matzke et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q12h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
AUC/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
AUC/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: ~32 subjects: 10 healthy volunteers (IV), 10 healthy volunteers (IM), 12 patients with varying renal impairment, and 10 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Single 500 mg doses; Ke–CrCL relationship established for renal dose adjustment.
Protein Binding: 80%
Vd: 0.21 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Lavillaureix J et al. Infection 1975;3(2):105-114
Protein Binding: 80%
Vd: 0.21 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Lavillaureix J et al. Infection 1975;3(2):105-114
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q8h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=20 adults stratified by renal function: normal CrCL >60 mL/min (n=6), mild renal failure CrCL 31–60 (n=6), severe renal failure CrCL 7–30 (n=4), and hemodialysis CrCL <7 (n=4). Single-dose IV study, Millard Fillmore Hospital, Buffalo, NY.
Protein Binding: ~20%
Vd: 0.28 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Blum et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989
Protein Binding: ~20%
Vd: 0.28 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Blum et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q6h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=36 adults (aged 40–79, median 62) across two phase I studies stratified by CG CrCL: normal (n=11), mild impairment (n=6), moderate (n=7), severe (n=6), ESRD on hemodialysis (n=6).
Protein Binding: 16%
Vd: 0.22 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Wooley et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014
Protein Binding: 16%
Vd: 0.22 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Wooley et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q8h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
1 MU = 625 mg
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Small single-center study of hospitalized patients including those with renal impairment. PK parameters derived from serum concentration data following IV penicillin G administration. Limited demographic data available (1975 publication).
Protein Binding: 65%
Vd: 0.41 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Bryan & Stone. Ann Intern Med 1975
Protein Binding: 65%
Vd: 0.41 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Bryan & Stone. Ann Intern Med 1975
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q6h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=91 pooled from two phase 1 studies: 54 healthy subjects (mean age 30.7 yrs, 94% male, predominantly Japanese) and 37 subjects with varying renal function (mean age 55 yrs, 65% male, all Caucasian) including normal through ESRD on hemodialysis.
Protein Binding: ~58%
Vd1: 7.78 L (Central)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Katsube et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017
Protein Binding: ~58%
Vd1: 7.78 L (Central)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Katsube et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q8h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd1--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Review article pooling PK data from >400 healthy volunteers and patient subsets across multiple clinical studies. Characterizes fluconazole PK across normal and impaired renal function, including tissue penetration data.
Protein Binding: 11%
Vd: 0.7 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 25
Brammer et al. Rev Infect Dis 1990
Protein Binding: 11%
Vd: 0.7 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 25
Brammer et al. Rev Infect Dis 1990
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q24h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
AUC/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Increases Vd (V2 × 1.93)
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Two-compartment popPK model (Dvorchik 2004). CL includes sex correction (×0.8 female); CrCL capped at 150 mL/min. V2 scaled by infection status (×1.93).
Protein Binding: 92%
Vd: V1 = 4.80 L; V2 = 3.13 + 0.0458 × (WT − 75.1) L (×1.93 if infected)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 666
Dvorchik BH et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(8):2799-2807
Protein Binding: 92%
Vd: V1 = 4.80 L; V2 = 3.13 + 0.0458 × (WT − 75.1) L (×1.93 if infected)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 666
Dvorchik BH et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(8):2799-2807
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q24h
Drug CL--L/hr
Sex Adj--
V1--L
V2--L
Vss--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
AUC/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
AUC/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Aminoglycoside population PK. Total clearance approximated by CrCL (Modified Cockcroft-Gault).
Protein Binding: <10% (negligible)
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 100
Kashuba ADM et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(3):623-629
Protein Binding: <10% (negligible)
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 100
Kashuba ADM et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(3):623-629
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q24h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
Cmax/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Peak/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Aminoglycoside population PK. Total clearance approximated by CrCL (Modified Cockcroft-Gault).
Protein Binding: <10% (negligible)
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 100
Kashuba ADM et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(3):623-629
Protein Binding: <10% (negligible)
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 100
Kashuba ADM et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(3):623-629
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q24h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
Cmax/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Peak/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Aminoglycoside population PK. Total clearance approximated by CrCL (Modified Cockcroft-Gault).
Protein Binding: 4%
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 100
Kashuba ADM et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(3):623-629
Protein Binding: 4%
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 100
Kashuba ADM et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(3):623-629
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q24h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
Cmax/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Peak/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Population PK in critically ill and non-critically ill patients. CrCL is the only significant covariate on clearance; critical illness has no independent effect.
Protein Binding: 30%
Vd: 1.1 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 80
Roberts JA et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016;60(3):1459-1463
Protein Binding: 30%
Vd: 1.1 L/kg (adj BW)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 80
Roberts JA et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016;60(3):1459-1463
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q24h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
AUC/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
AUC/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: N=40 critically ill ICU patients (23 on CRRT, 17 preserved renal function) across 3 Spanish university hospitals. Two-compartment model; CrCL is the primary covariate on clearance.
Protein Binding: ~30%
Vd: Vss = V1(16.2) + V2(29.0) = 45.2 L (not weight-based)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 80 (safety: AUC₄ < 400 for thrombocytopenia risk)
Soraluce A et al. Pharmaceutics 2020
Protein Binding: ~30%
Vd: Vss = V1(16.2) + V2(29.0) = 45.2 L (not weight-based)
Target AUC/MIC: ≥ 80 (safety: AUC₄ < 400 for thrombocytopenia risk)
Soraluce A et al. Pharmaceutics 2020
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q12h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
24hr AUC--mcg·hr/mL
AUC/MIC--ratio
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
AUC/MIC Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: NONMEM population PK in 50 critically ill patients with life-threatening severe infections (with/without ECMO). CL covariate: GFR (adapted to CrCL); Vc covariate: ABW.
Protein Binding: 20%
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Jaruratanasirikul S et al. Pharmacotherapy 2021;41(7):572-597
Protein Binding: 20%
Vd: 0.25 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Jaruratanasirikul S et al. Pharmacotherapy 2021;41(7):572-597
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q6h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Dosing Parameters
Optional loading dose
Loading dose infusion duration
Drug Info & Study Reference
Applied Population: Population PK/PD in 18 ventilated ICU patients with early-onset pneumonia and augmented renal clearance (CrCL 83-309 mL/min). CL increases non-linearly with CrCL.
Protein Binding: 20%
Vd: 0.29 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Chauzy A et al. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022;77(11):3173-3179
Protein Binding: 20%
Vd: 0.29 L/kg (adj BW)
Target: 100% fT > 4×MIC
Chauzy A et al. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022;77(11):3173-3179
Pharmacokinetic Results
Dosing--mg IV q12h
Drug CL--L/hr
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Max)--mcg/mL
CpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
fCpSS (Min)--mcg/mL
Concentration-Time Profile
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
Target Attainment: --
Renal Replacement Therapy
1. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
CRRT Parameters
Hepatic / extra-renal clearance (drug-specific estimate — editable)
Pharmacist estimate — mL/min × 0.06 = L/hr
For curve projection — editable (expands in renal dysfunction)
CRRT Clearance Results
L/hr
CL of ABX (CRRT)
--
L/hr
CL Non-Renal
--
L/hr
Residual Renal CL
--
L/hr
Total CL (CRRT + NR + Residual)
--
L/hr
Concentration-Time Projection (from Total CL)
Projects the curve directly from the Total CL above and the Vd estimate — no need to back into a GFR value. Vd = (Vd L/kg) × weight. K = Total CL ÷ Vd. Select a drug and enter a dosing regimen.
Projected Regimen
Projected PK
Vd--L
K--hr⁻¹
t½--hr
CpSS (CI)--mcg/mL
Cmax,SS--mcg/mL
Cmin,SS--mcg/mL
fCmax,SS--mcg/mL
fCmin,SS--mcg/mL
Projected Concentration-Time Profile
Target Attainment: --
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
MIC Target
2. Intermittent Hemodialysis (IHD)
Models the CRRT→IHD transition problem: clearance is time-varying — CL(t) = off-dialysis CL (+ residual renal) between sessions, plus the drug's dialytic clearance CL(HD) during each high-flux session. The curve shows the characteristic IHD pattern (slow interdialytic decline, steep intradialytic drop) against the 4–8×MIC free-concentration target window. Doses are timed from therapy start (hour 0), sessions from the schedule below.
Drug & Regimen
4 beta-lactams with PMID-verified IHD parameters (more pending review)
High-flux dialytic clearance — literature value, editable
Anuric interdialytic clearance — editable
Pharmacist estimate — mL/min × 0.06 = L/hr, added on AND off dialysis
From dialysis-population studies — editable
Dialysis Schedule
Standard high-flux session ≈ 4 hr
48 = every other day; 72 covers the weekend gap
Time-Varying PK
CL Off Dialysis--L/hr
CL On Dialysis--L/hr
K Off Dialysis--hr⁻¹
K On Dialysis--hr⁻¹
t½ Off Dialysis--hr
t½ On Dialysis--hr
Time in 4–8×MIC Window--%
Time Below 4×MIC--%
Time Above 8×MIC--%
Concentration-Time Profile On & Off Dialysis
Target Window Attainment: --
Total Concentration
Free Concentration
Dialysis Session
4–8×MIC Target Window
Vancomycin Two-Level PK Assessment
Vancomycin Steady-State Two-Level PK
Dosing Information
Auto: Dose ÷ Rate
Infusion Schedule
Example: 6/06/2019 11:00 PM
Auto: Start + Duration
Auto: Start + Interval
Level 1
Level 2
Auto-calculated from draw times
Pharmacokinetic Calculations Derived from Two-Levels
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
C1 (Trough)--mg/L
Cmax--mg/L
Vd--L
AUC (Lin Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Log Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Interval)--mg·hr/L
24hr AUC--mg·hr/L
Clearance--L/hr
Rec. Daily Dose--mg/day
AUC Profile from Two Levels
Dosing Assessment
Based on the above PK analysis, the Total Daily Dose recommended to achieve a 24hr AUC of 475 is -- mg/day (CL: -- L/hr × 475)
New CpMax--mg/L
New fCpMax--mg/L
New CpMin--mg/L
New fCpMin--mg/L
New 24hr AUC--mg·hr/L
New f24hr AUC--mg·hr/L
Predicted Regimen Profile
Vancomycin First Dose Two-Level PK
Dosing Information
Auto: Dose ÷ Rate
Infusion Schedule
Example: 5/22/2024 9:28 AM
Auto: Start + Duration
Level 1
Level 2
Auto-calculated from draw times
Pharmacokinetic Calculations Derived from Two-Levels
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
Cmax--mg/L
Vd--L
AUC (Lin Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Log Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Last→∞)--mg·hr/L
Total AUC--mg·hr/L
Clearance--L/hr
Rec. Daily Dose--mg/day
AUC Profile
Aminoglycoside Two-Level PK Assessment
Aminoglycoside Steady-State Two-Level PK (Gent / Tobra / Amikacin)
Dosing Information
Infusion Schedule
Example: 6/06/2019 11:00 PM
Auto: Start + Duration
Auto: Start + Interval
Level 1
Level 2
Auto-calculated from draw times
Pharmacokinetic Calculations Derived from Two-Levels
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
C1 (Trough)--mg/L
Cmax--mg/L
Vd--L
Clearance--L/hr
CL--mL/min
AUC (Lin Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Log Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Interval)--mg·hr/L
24hr AUC--mg·hr/L
Alternative Dosing Calculator
Extended-Interval Dosing: Desired Cmax/MIC ≥ 8–10 (peaks of 20 mg/L expected); desired trough ≤ 0.3 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Gram-negative infections:
Peak (Cmax/MIC): ≥ 8–10 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Tobramycin/Gentamicin 0.5–2 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Amikacin 2–4 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Synergy (endocarditis):
Peak (Cmax): 3–4 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): <1 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Gram-negative infections:
Peak (Cmax/MIC): ≥ 8–10 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Tobramycin/Gentamicin 0.5–2 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Amikacin 2–4 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Synergy (endocarditis):
Peak (Cmax): 3–4 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): <1 mg/L
Trough Goal0.3mg/L
Est. Dose0mg
Recalc. Peak0mg/L
Est. Trough0mg/L
Cmax/MIC--ratio
Predicted Regimen Profile
AUC Profile
Aminoglycoside First Dose Two-Level PK (Gent / Tobra / Amikacin)
Dosing Information
Infusion Schedule
Example: 5/22/2024 9:28 AM
Auto: Start + Duration
Level 1
Level 2
Auto-calculated from draw times
Pharmacokinetic Calculations Derived from Two-Levels
K--hr⁻¹
Half-life--hr
Cmax (Peak)--mg/L
Cmin (Trough)--mg/L
Vd--L
Clearance--L/hr
CL--mL/min
AUC (Lin Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Log Trap)--mg·hr/L
AUC (Last→∞)--mg·hr/L
Total AUC--mg·hr/L
Alternative Dosing Calculator
Extended-Interval Dosing: Desired Cmax/MIC ≥ 8–10 (peaks of 20 mg/L expected); desired trough ≤ 0.3 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Gram-negative infections:
Peak (Cmax/MIC): ≥ 8–10 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Tobramycin/Gentamicin 0.5–2 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Amikacin 2–4 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Synergy (endocarditis):
Peak (Cmax): 3–4 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): <1 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Gram-negative infections:
Peak (Cmax/MIC): ≥ 8–10 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Tobramycin/Gentamicin 0.5–2 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): Amikacin 2–4 mg/L
Conventional (Multiple-Daily) Dosing — Synergy (endocarditis):
Peak (Cmax): 3–4 mg/L
Trough (Cmin): <1 mg/L
Trough Goal0.3mg/L
Est. Dose0mg
Recalc. Peak0mg/L
Est. Trough0mg/L
Cmax/MIC--ratio